Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) is a method of generating electrical power by converting solar radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic power generation employs solar panels comprising a number of cells containing a photovoltaic material. Materials presently used for photovoltaics include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride, and copper indium selenide/sulfide.Due to the growing demand for renewable energy sources, the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic arrays has advanced considerably in recent years.

The photovoltaic effect is the creation of a voltage (or a corresponding electric current) in a material upon exposure to light. Though the photovoltaic effect is directly related to the photoelectric effect, the two processes are different and should be distinguished. In the photoelectric effect, electrons are ejected from a material's surface upon exposure to radiation of sufficient energy. The photovoltaic effect is different in that the generated electrons are transferred between different bands (i.e. from the valence to conduction bands) within the material, resulting in the buildup of a voltage between two electrodes.

Greenetik Ltd. a trading partner of an austrian PV manufacturer. The PVT-Austria photovoltaic modules are used for on- and off- grid systems.

Our Austrian suppliers has several thousand references worldwide.

Solar cells

Photovoltaics are best known as a method for generating electric power by using solar cells to convert energy from the sun into electricity. Thephotovoltaic effect refers to photons of light knocking electrons into a higher state of energy to create electricity. The term photovoltaic denotes the unbiased operating mode of a photodiode in which current through the device is entirely due to the transduced light energy. Virtually all photovoltaic devices are some type of photodiode.

Solar cells produce direct current electricity from sun light, which can be used to power equipment or to recharge a battery. The first practical application of photovoltaics was to power orbiting satellites and other spacecraft, but today the majority of photovoltaic modules are used for grid connected power generation. In this case an inverter is required to convert the DC to AC. There is a smaller market for off-grid power for remote dwellings, boats, recreational vehicles, electric cars, roadside emergency telephones, remote sensing, and cathodic protection ofpipelines.

                    Polycrystal PVT-module           Monokcrystal PVT-module

The Greenetik Ltd. PVT solar - system

PVT modules are characterized by high quality and long life. The solar cells minimum efficiency of 13.75% allows the use of less roof area as possible.

Excellent Austrian quality:

• High-performance solar cells, Europe's leading manufacturer of solar cells
• A small difference between the specific and measurable data + / - 3%
• Rugged aluminum profile drainage holes against the danger of frost
• 4 mm thick anti-reflective tempered solar glass guarantees maximum strength 5.4kN / m²
• Tyco Solarlock IP65 System
• Resists 28mm diameter ice
• IEC 61215 Certified (Prüfinstitut Arsanal Research Wien)
• Tested Grade II 1000V Safety (Prüfinstitut TGM Wien)
• 10 year performance guarantee of 90%, and 25 year performance guarantee of 80% (Pmin)
• 5-year extended product warranty

                         Polycrystal PVT-plant (5kWp)

Inverter technology

The inverter is the "brain" of a photovoltaic solar power plant and converts the direct current into alternating voltage which is used in the network. We use the latest generationof solarinverter.

                                           SMA - Inverter                                                     FRONIUS - Inverter

Advantages of photovoltaics

The 89 petawatts of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface is plentiful – almost 6,000 times more than the 15 terawatts equivalent of average power consumed by humans.[66] Additionally, solar electric generation has the highest power density (global mean of 170 W/m²) among renewable energies.[66]

Solar power is pollution-free during use. Production end-wastes and emissions are manageable using existing pollution controls. End-of-use recycling technologies are under development[67] and policies are being produced that encourage recycling from producers.[68]

PV installations can operate for many years with little maintenance or intervention after their initial set-up, so after the initial capital cost of building any solar power plant, operating costsare extremely low compared to existing power technologies.

Solar electric generation is economically superior where grid connection or fuel transport is difficult, costly or impossible. Long-standing examples include satellites, island communities, remote locations and ocean vessels.

When grid-connected, solar electric generation replaces some or all of the highest-cost electricity used during times of peak demand (in most climatic regions). This can reduce grid loading, and can eliminate the need for local battery power to provide for use in times of darkness. These features are enabled by net metering. Time-of-use net metering can be highly favorable, but requires newer electronic metering, which may still be impractical for some users.

Grid-connected solar electricity can be used locally thus reducing transmission/distribution losses.